Scleroderma is caused due to excess production of collagen. Collagen is a strong fibrous protein present in connective tissues, ligaments, tendons, bones etc. In scleroderma, the fibroblasts are stimulated to produce more collagen. This collagen replaces normal tissue in the skin, organ systems and blood vessels. This in turn impairs their normal functioning. Why the body tends to over produce collagen is not exactly known.

Scientists believe that scleroderma could be caused by an autoimmune condition were the immune system turns against the body itself. Environmental factors seem to play a major role in development of scleroderma. It has been observed that people who are exposed to certain toxins like organic solvents, epoxy resins, silica etc are more prone to scleroderma than others.

Similarly, people exposed to radiation therapy also tend to develop morphea, a localized form of scleroderma. Some viral infections are also thought to be associated with this disease. Scleroderma is seen more frequently in women than in men. Hormones seem to play a role in development of this disease. Genetic factors may play a small role in the development of this disease. However, it is not passed on from parents to children like several other genetic disorders.